Risk Management & ADM Frameworks
Flashcards on PAVE, 3P, CARE, TEAM, DECIDE, IMSAFE, and personal minimums for single-pilot IFR decision-making.
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Questions Covered in This Set
11 cards to master
What do the letters in PAVE stand for?
Pilot, Aircraft, enVironment, External pressures — four buckets for sorting preflight hazards so none hide.
Which PAVE bucket is the only one that pushes toward taking the flight, and why is it the most dangerous?
External pressures — meetings, waiting family, rental returns, expectant passengers. Every other bucket argues for caution; this one argues for launching.
What does IMSAFE cover?
Illness, Medication, Stress, Alcohol, Fatigue, Emotion/Eating — the personal readiness check inside the 'Pilot' element of PAVE.
What are the three steps of the 3P cycle, and how is it different from PAVE?
Perceive, Process, Perform — repeated continuously in flight. PAVE is a preflight snapshot; 3P is the ongoing loop as conditions change.
What does CARE stand for in the Process step?
Consequences, Alternatives, Reality, External pressures.
What does TEAM stand for in the Perform step?
Transfer (to ATC, instructor, autopilot), Eliminate, Accept, or Mitigate the risk.
What are the six steps of DECIDE, and when do you use it?
Detect, Estimate, Choose, Identify, Do, Evaluate — the reactive model for when something has already broken or changed.
Why is 'two yellows equal a red' a useful personal rule?
Because risk compounds rather than adds — a marginal ceiling alone is manageable, but marginal ceiling plus fatigue plus unfamiliar avionics is a materially different flight.
What is described as the single most powerful ADM technique?
Pre-committing to a trigger: 'If I still have ice at 10,000 in five minutes, I turn.' Decisions made in advance are made by a calmer pilot.
Name IFR-specific items to check under the 'Aircraft' element of PAVE.
Pitot heat, alternator/backup electrical, static system, autopilot health, deice equipment, database currency, and fuel — legal alternate plus 45 minutes is legal, not comfortable.
What is the difference between IFR currency and proficiency?
Currency is the legal box: 6 approaches, holding, intercepting/tracking within 6 months. Proficiency is actual present-day skill — a different thing entirely.
