President, Vice President & the Union Executive
Key facts on the President's election, powers, veto options and the Council of Ministers under Articles 52–78.
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Questions Covered in This Set
11 cards to master
What does Article 53 say?
The executive power of the Union is vested in the President — though in practice he acts on ministerial advice.
Who votes in the Presidential electoral college (Art. 54)?
Elected MPs of both Houses plus elected MLAs of all States, Delhi and Puducherry. Nominated MPs/MLAs and all MLCs are excluded.
What voting system elects the President (Art. 55)?
Proportional representation by single transferable vote with secret ballot; a candidate must cross the quota of 50% of valid votes + 1.
How is an MLA's vote value calculated?
(State population ÷ number of elected MLAs) ÷ 1000, using the frozen 1971 census figures (84th Amendment).
How is an MP's vote value calculated?
Total value of all MLA votes ÷ number of elected MPs.
What are the qualifications to become President?
Citizen of India, 35+ years old, qualified for Lok Sabha membership, holding no office of profit, proposed and seconded by 50 electors each.
How can a President be removed (Art. 61)?
Only by impeachment for 'violation of the Constitution': charge framed by either House (1/4 members, 14 days' notice), passed by two-thirds of total membership in both Houses. Never used so far.
What is Article 74 about?
A Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister 'to aid and advise' the President — advice that is, in practice, binding.
What power does Article 72 give the President?
Pardon, reprieve, respite, remission or commutation of sentences — including all death sentences and court-martial sentences; exercised on government advice but judicially reviewable.
What are the President's three options on a Bill (Art. 111)?
Give assent, withhold assent (absolute veto), or return a non-Money Bill for reconsideration (suspensive veto).
How many members does the President nominate to the Rajya Sabha, and why?
12 members, for special knowledge of literature, science, art and social service.
