-go Verbs and Yo-Form Oddities
Drill the irregular present-tense yo forms and why they power the subjunctive and commands.
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Questions Covered in This Set
10 cards to master
tener (yo)
tengo — plus e→ie boot: tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen
hacer (yo)
hago — the c becomes g (no -g inserted)
Which three verbs take the fuller -igo ending?
oír → oigo, traer → traigo, caer → caigo (stems ending in a vowel)
Rule for verbs ending in -cer/-cir after a vowel
Yo form takes -zco: conocer → conozco, conducir → conduzco, parecer → parezco
What if a consonant precedes -cer/-cir?
You get -zo instead: vencer → venzo, convencer → convenzo, esparcir → esparzo
Name the five 'one-off' yo forms
saber → sé, ver → veo, dar → doy, caber → quepo, estar → estoy
How do you build the present subjunctive from the yo form?
Drop the -o and add opposite-vowel endings: -er/-ir take -a/-as/-a/-amos/-áis/-an; -ar verbs take -e/-es/-e/-emos/-éis/-en
decir (yo) and its boot pattern
digo — plus e→i boot: dices, dice, decimos, decís, dicen
Do compounds inherit the irregularity?
Yes: obtener → obtengo, suponer → supongo, deshacer → deshago, reconocer → reconozco, atraer → atraigo
Which command forms come from the subjunctive stem?
Negative tú (no salgas), usted/ustedes (salga, salgan), and nosotros (salgamos)
