Present Subjunctive from the Yo-Form
Practice building present subjunctive stems from the yo-form and memorizing the six DISHES exceptions.
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Questions Covered in This Set
10 cards to master
What are the three steps to form the present subjunctive?
1) Take the present-indicative yo-form, 2) chop the final -o, 3) add the opposite endings (-ar → e-endings; -er/-ir → a-endings).
tener → present subjunctive (all six forms)
tenga, tengas, tenga, tengamos, tengáis, tengan
conocer → present subjunctive stem and yo-form
Yo-form conozco → stem conozc- → conozca, conozcas, conozca, conozcamos, conozcáis, conozcan
What does the mnemonic DISHES stand for?
Dar, Ir, Ser, Haber, Estar, Saber — the six verbs that ignore the yo-form rule.
Conjugate ir in the present subjunctive
vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan
Why do dar and estar carry accents in the subjunctive?
dé takes an accent to distinguish it from the preposition de; esté/estés/estén stress the ending, as always with estar.
Give the -ar spelling guards before -e (buscar, pagar, empezar, averiguar)
busque, pague, empiece, averigüe — spelling changes preserve the sound before e.
Why do Spanish speakers often add a subject pronoun in subjunctive clauses?
Because the yo and él/ella/Ud. forms are identical (e.g., Espero que yo llegue a tiempo).
caber and ver in the present subjunctive
caber: quepo → quepa…; ver: veo → vea, veas, vea, veamos, veáis, vean
What triggers the subjunctive in a subordinate clause?
Wish/influence, emotion, doubt/denial, impersonal opinion, or unrealized purpose/time — usually after que.
