Cell Structure, Transport, and Energy
Key terms on cell theory, cell types, organelles, membranes, and transport for high school biology.
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Questions Covered in This Set
10 cards to master
What are the three parts of cell theory?
(1) All living things are made of cells, (2) the cell is the basic unit of structure and function, (3) all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Name the four things ALL cells have.
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA.
Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic: biggest difference?
Prokaryotes have no nucleus (DNA in a nucleoid) and no membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotes have both. Prokaryotes are also much smaller (~1–5 µm vs. 10–100 µm).
Which structures do plant cells have that animal cells lack?
A cellulose cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole.
What is the endosymbiotic theory, and what evidence supports it?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living bacteria engulfed by a larger cell. Evidence: double membranes, their own circular DNA, and bacteria-sized ribosomes.
Describe the fluid mosaic model.
The membrane is a phospholipid bilayer (hydrophilic heads out, hydrophobic tails in) with cholesterol and proteins floating in it, making it fluid and selectively permeable.
What are the three types of passive transport?
Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion (through channel proteins), and osmosis (diffusion of water). All move down the concentration gradient with no energy.
What happens to an animal cell in a hypotonic solution?
Water rushes in, the cell swells and may burst (lysis). A plant cell instead becomes firm and turgid because the cell wall holds it.
What happens to cells in a hypertonic solution?
Water leaves the cell: animal cells shrivel (crenation) and plant cells plasmolyze as the membrane pulls away from the wall.
Compare the rough ER, smooth ER, and Golgi apparatus.
Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and folds/ships proteins; smooth ER makes lipids and detoxifies; the Golgi modifies, packages, labels, and ships materials.
